Emotional or Psychological

This can include intimidation, humiliation, shouting, swearing, emotional blackmail and denial of basic human rights. Using racist language, preventing someone from enjoying activities or meeting friends.

The following may be indicators of many different problems, it is important not to jump to the wrong conclusions too quickly.

• Ambivalence about carer
• Fearfulness, avoiding eye contact, flinching on approach
• Deference
• Insomnia or need for excessive sleep
• Change in appetite
• Unusual weight loss / gain
• Tearfulness
• Unexplained paranoia
• Low self esteem
• Confusion, agitation
• Coercion
• Possible violation of human and civil rights
• Distress caused by being locked in a home or car etc.
• Isolation - no visitors or phone calls allowed
• Inappropriate clothing
• Sensory deprivation
• Restricted access to hygiene facilities
• Lack of personal respect
• Lack of recognition of individuals rights
• Carer does not offer personal hygiene, medical care, regular food/drinks
• Use of furniture to restrict movement